The Gut and the Parasympathetic Nervous System

Connections between digestion and the autonomic nervous system

The vegetative (autonomic) nervous system controls numerous vital functions that cannot be consciously influenced. These include blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, hormone regulation and digestive processes. If this finely tuned system gets out of balance, this can be accompanied by a wide range of non-specific complaints.

In this context, the term autonomic dysregulation (colloquially also "vegetative dystonia") is often used. It describes a functional maladjustment within the autonomic nervous system without a clearly defined organic cause.

The following notes are general, non-binding information. They do not replace individual medical advice. Nor can they replace treatment by a physician, psychotherapist or physiotherapist. We consider the services of physicians, psychotherapists and physiotherapists to be very important. Therefore, ongoing treatment should not be interrupted or discontinued, and treatment that becomes necessary should not be postponed. No promises are made that healing or success will occur.

Possible complaints with autonomic dysregulation

Dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system can manifest itself in very different ways. Frequently mentioned complaints include:

• cardiovascular complaints

• headaches

• dizziness

• sweating or trembling

• sleep disorders

• digestive complaints such as diarrhea or constipation

• cramp-like complaints

These symptoms often alternate or occur in combination and can significantly impair quality of life.

Functional complaints related to the autonomic nervous system

Symptom complexes frequently discussed in connection with autonomic dysregulation include:

• Functional heart complaints, for example with palpitations or fluctuations in blood pressure

• Irritable stomach or irritable bowel complaints, such as abdominal pain, bloating and changing bowel habits

• Functional bladder complaints, such as frequent urge to urinate without an organic finding

From the perspective of conventional medicine, no clear cause can be identified in many cases. Accordingly, a multifactorial interplay of physical, psychological and social factors is often assumed.

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems – a delicate balance

The autonomic nervous system essentially consists of two opposing parts:

• the sympathetic nervous system

• the parasympathetic nervous system

The sympathetic nervous system is mainly active in situations of strain and stress. It increases the organism's readiness to perform and is often associated with the so-called "fight-or-flight response".

The parasympathetic nervous system, on the other hand, is also referred to as the rest or recovery nerve. It is involved in, among other things:

• rest and recovery processes

• digestion and metabolism

• building up the body's own reserves

Both systems work antagonistically and should ideally balance each other dynamically.

Stress and its significance for digestion

Persistent psychological or physical stress can lead to a permanent dominance of the sympathetic nervous system . During such phases, those affected often report:

• slowed or irregular digestion

• tension in the abdomen

• functional complaints without a clear organic cause

These connections are the subject of numerous scientific studies, particularly in the context of the gut–brain axis.

Relaxation and autonomic regulation – a holistic approach

Complementary medicine concepts often emphasize how important phases of relaxation are for regulating the autonomic nervous system. Measures that are perceived as calming or relaxing can help to positively influence how you experience your body.

These include, for example:

• conscious rest periods

• breathing exercises

• mindful body awareness

• relaxing environments

Such approaches aim to involve the parasympathetic nervous system more strongly, without claiming any medical effect.

Colon hydrotherapy in the context of relaxation

In naturopathic contexts, colon hydrotherapy is sometimes also considered from the perspective of physical relaxation. The focus is on awareness of the abdomen and the subjective experience of calm and letting go.

However, statements about a specific effect on detoxification processes, hormonal regulation or psychological complaints cannot be derived from this in general terms and vary from person to person.

Conclusion

The gut is closely connected with the autonomic nervous system. Stress, emotional strain and persistent tension can affect digestion and contribute to functional complaints.

Conscious stress management, sufficient recovery phases and mindful awareness of your own body play an important role in general well-being. In this context, colon hydrotherapy is discussed as one of several accompanying measures, without any statements about therapeutic effects or treatment success being derivable from this.

Sources: Schmidt, R. F., Schaible, H.-G. (2006). Neuro- und Sinnesphysiologie. Springer Verlag, 5th edition Hoffmann, S.O. & Hochapfel, G. (1999). Psychotherapeutische und Psychosomatische Medizin. Schattauer Verlag, 6th edition